自动驾驶出租车的侵权责任研究
Research on Tort Liability of Autonomous Driving Taxis
作者: 陈佳豪(吉林大学法学院，吉林长春130012)
关键词: 自动驾驶出租车;产品责任;平台责任;侵权责任 Autonomous driving taxi Product liability Platform responsibility; Liability forinfringement
摘要:自动驾驶技术的不断迭代催生了商业化的出現，自动驾驶出租车(Robotaxi)作为现阶段较为具象的商业化形态，也暴露出了不同于传统汽车的侵权责任划分难题。现阶段，我国对自动驾驶出租车等商业化运营事故致害的责任问題尚未做规定，且我国的相关法规仅停留在政策层面。而鉴于自动驾驶出租车具有多方主体性、行为难预测性、责任模糊性等特点，配套法律的缺失将严重影响自动驾驶等新业态的发展。责任划分模式的改变，导致了多方主体下Robotaxi平台这一新型主体、乘客、生产者在新格局中所需承担的责任变化。同时，因Robotaxi平台负有安全保障义务也可推导出其应承担无过错责任。生产者作为另一重要主体，因其负有产品质量责任而应承担的外部无过错、内部连带的责任模式也符合法教义学的基本逻辑。
Abstract: The continuous iteration of autonomous driving technology has given rise tothe emergence of commercialization. As a relatively concrete commercial form at present,autonomous driving taxis (Robotaxis) have also exposed the problem of tort liability divisionthat is different from traditional automobiles, At present, China has not yet made regulations onthe liability for accidents caused by commercial operations such as self-driving taxis, and therelevant laws and regulations in China only remain at the policy level. Given the characteristicsof self-driving taxis such as multi-party subjectivity, unpredictable behavior and ambiguousresponsibility, the absence of supporting laws will seriously affect the development of new business forms such as self-driving. The change in the responsibility division model has led toalterations in the responsibilities that the Robotaxi platform, a new type of entity, passengers,and producers need to undertake in the new pattern under multiple subjects. At the same time,since the Robotaxi platform has the obligation to ensure safety, it can also be deduced that itshould bear no-fault liability. As another important subject, the producer, due to its responsibilityfor product quality, should bear an external no-fault and internal joint liability model, whichalso confiorms to the basic logic of legal doctrine.
