从“反谷”到“权衡”:中国上古粟黍农业传统与度量衡制度的起源及发展
From "Anti-Grain" to "Weighing": The Ancient Chinese Millet and SorghumAgricultural Tradition And the origin and Development of the MeasurementSvstem
作者:董晓波12(1.兰州大学考古与文化遗产研究院，甘肃兰州730000;2.山西财经大学晋商研究院，山西太原030006)
[摘要]:詹姆斯·C·斯科特的“谷物一国家”分析框架，为重新探讨中国上古度量衡的起源与形成机制提供了新的视角。中国早期度量衡并非商品交换自然演进的结果，而是以粟黍为物质基础、以国家资源控制为政治动力的制度化产物。栗黍籽粒均一、易于计数、便于储藏与征缴的生物学特性，使其成为天然的计量基准，由此形成“累黍定度、累黍定量、累黍定衡”的完整体系。“农本一计量一国家”的互构逻辑，展现了中国早期国家形成的独特路径，也为理解技术标准的政治起源提供了本土化经验。
[关键词]: 反谷;粟黍农业;度量衡;早期国家;累黍定衡
[Abstract]: James C. Scott's "grain-nation" analytical framework provides a new perspective for re-examining the origin and formation mechanism of ancient Chinese weights and measures. The earlyChinese weights and measures were not the result of the natural evolution of commodity exchange;instead, they were an institutionalized product based on millet and sorghum as the material foundationand the control of national resources as the political impetus. The biological characteristics of milletand sorghum grains, such as their uniformity, ease of counting, and convenience for storage andcollection, made them natural measurement benchmarks, thereby forming a complete system of"accumulating sorghum to determine measurement, accumulating sorghum to determine quantity, andaccumulating sorghum to determine weights". The interdependent logic of "agriculture as thefoundation, measurement as the means, and the state as the institution" demonstrates the unique pathof the formation of early Chinese states and provides local experience for understanding the politicalorigin of technical standards.
[Key Words] :Anti-grain; Millet and Sorghum Agriculture; Measurement and Weighing System; EarlyState; Accumulated Sorghum for Weighing
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