农村教师激励的困境、问题及优化策略
The Challenges, Problems, and Optimization Strategies of Motivating Rural Teachers
作者: 刘辉,樊香兰(太原师范学院教育学院，太原030619)
关键词: 农村教师激励;制度性缺陷;资源分配;政策执行;社会认同 Rural teacher motivation; Institutional deficiencies; Resource allocation; Policy implementation; Social identity
摘要:农村教师激励影响着农村教师的留任意愿和工作效能,进而影响着我国义务教育优质均衡发展和乡村振兴的推进。文章基于双因素激励理论对S省11个地市的调研发现,S省农村教师激励中在保健因素方面存在生存保障与基础环境的系统性困境,在激励因素方面存在发展动力与价值认同的深层断裂等问题,其原因是农村教师的激励体系面临着多重结构性矛盾,包括激励制度设计失和、农村学校资源配置失衡、农村教师社会角色失调及农村教师长效激励失效等。可以通过建立适配乡村教育生态的激励框架、构建公平导向的动态调节体系、构建尊师重教的社会支持网络和培育可持续发展的教育生态等途径来实现对农村教师激励的优化。
Abstract: The motivation of rural teachers affects their willingness to stay and work efficiency, which in turn affects the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education and the promotion of rural revitalization in China. Based on the dual factor motivation theory, a survey of 11 cities in S province found that there is a systematic dilemma between survival guarantee and basic environment in the motivation of rural teachers in S province in terms of health factors, and a deep fracture between development motivation and value recognition in the motivation factors. The reason is that the incentive system for rural teachers is facing multiple structural contradictions, including mismatched incentive system design, imbalanced allocation of resources in rural schools, imbalanced social roles of rural teachers, and ineffective long-termincentives for rural teachers. The optimization of incentives for rural teachers can be achieved through establishing incentive frameworks that are suitable for the rural education ecosystem, constructing a fair oriented dynamic adjustment system, building a social support network that respects teachers and values education, and cultivating a sustainable education ecosystem.
