通知删除规则在人格权网络侵权中的适应性困境与出路
The Adaptive Dilemma and Solution of Notification Deletion Rules in the Contextof Personal Rights Network Infringement
作者:龙欣璇(1.澳门科技大学法学院，澳门999078)
[摘要]:通知删除规则最初为解决网络著作权侵权而设立，旨在平衡各方利益，常被视为网络服务提供者的避风港。随着互联网应用场景的拓展，该规则适用范围逐步延伸至一般侵权领域，并最终涵盖人格权网络侵权场景。然而，这种扩张过程揭示出规则在人格权领域面临显著适应性挑战。该规则主要针对财产性权益设计，其保护力度难以匹配人格权固有的防御属性与事后教济困难特性，构成首要适应难题。规则在人格权侵权责任体系中的法律定位尚不清晰，其究竟应归类为停止侵害抑或排除妨碍的责任承担方式存在理论分歧，进一步增加了适用复杂性。同时，人格权侵权责任的认定未必严格遵循传统过错要件框架，这与通知删除规则通常关联的过错判断逻辑产生冲突。为克服这些挑战，需要在尊重人格权特殊价值的基础上探索规则调适路径。针对生命权、身体权、健康权等核心人格权，应考虑对通知主体进行适度扩大解释，允许潜在权利人或利害关系人在存在侵权风险时启动机制。在责任基础层面，有必要重新审视人格权网络侵权不以过错为绝对要件的特点，明确通知删除规则的适用不应受限于传统过错思维。更为重要的是，应确立人格权保护相对于财产利益的优先位阶，对网络服务提供者施加分层级注意义务，尤其对关涉生命健康等核心权益的网络内容提高监管标准。通过这些针对性调整，通知删除规则方能有效契合人格权保护需求，为权利人提供及时周延的网络救济，并促进网络空间人格权益保障机制的完善。
[关键词]: 通知删除规则;人格权;网络侵权
[Abstract]: The notification deletion rule was initially established to address online copyrightinfringement and aimed to balance the interests of all parties. It is often regarded as a safe harbor fornetwork service providers. With the expansion of internet application scenarios, the scope of this rulehas gradually extended to general infringement areas and eventually covered scenarios of onlineinfringement of personality rights. However, this expansion process reveals that the rule facessignificant adaptability challenges in the field of personality rights. This rule is mainly designed for property rights and its protection intensity is difficult to match the inherent defensive attributes anddifficult post-event remedies of personality rights, posing the primary adaptation problem. The legalpositioning of this rule in the personality rights infringement liability system is not clear, and there aretheoretical differences regarding whether it should be classified as a liability for cessation ofinfringement or exclusion of obstruction. This further increases the complexity of application. At thesame time, the determination of personality rights infringement liability does not necessarily strictlyfollow the traditional fault element framework, which conflicts with the fault judgment logic usuallyassociated with the notification deletion rule. To overcome these challenges, it is necessary to explorethe adjustment paths of the rule while respecting the special value of personality rights. For corepersonality rights such as life rights, body rights, and health rights, a moderate expansioninterpretation of the notification subject should be considered, allowing potential rights holders orinterested parties to initiate the mechanism when there is an infringement risk. At the liability basislevel, it is necessary to re-examine the characteristic of personality rights online infringement notrequiring fault as an absolute element, and clearly define that the application of the notificationdeletion rule should not be limited to the traditional fault thinking. More importantly, the priorityposition of personality rights protection over property interests should be established, and additionalhierarchical duty obligations should be imposed on network service providers, especially for onlinecontent involving core rights such as life and health, to raise the regulatory standards. Through thesetargeted adjustments, the notification deletion rule can effectively meet the protection needs ofpersonality rights, provide timely and comprehensive online remedies for rights holders, and promotethe improvement of the mechanism for protecting personality rights in the online space.
[Key Words]: Notification Deletion Rules; Personality Rights; Online Infringement
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